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Uday Shankar ¹, Saba Farheen ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, IN

Abstract

The present research was proposed to study the different dimensions of friendship in Tribals and non Tribals. The subjects were college students belonging to tribal and non tribal community. They were selected from Patna university (Bihar), Neelamber Peetamber University and Sidhu kanhu university (Jharkhand). Dimensions of friendship scale(DFS) by Chandana and Chadha has been used in this study. There were three groups in the study- Group A (tribals having tribal friends), Group B(non tribals having non tribal friends) and Group C(tribals having non tribal friends).Mean, SD and t-ratio have been computed for comparative study of the three groups with each other on eight dimensions. Results have shown that all the three groups are significantly differ with each other on the different dimensions of friendship.

Keywords

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Uday Shankar ¹, Tapas K. Bandopadhaya ¹, Chandrika Mehta ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Technology Kharagur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721 302, IN

Abstract

Mindless exploitation of nature has caused immense damage to human environment. Human activity through technological interventions has contributed to global warming. The incremental rise of temperature has not only threatened the life of individual but also questioned the role of technology in bringing the development. Climate change has thrown a challenge on the scientists/inventors to commit to environment-friendly technology. Realizing the potential damage from climate change, the government world-over, primarily from the developed economy, started investing upon climate friendly technology. Clean energy technology is made subject to a variety of intellectual property protections. Consequently, the exclusive usage of the technology remained with the developed economy leaving behind three-fourth of humanity to deal with the challenges of climate change on their own. Nature knows no boundaries, thus, the effort to mitigate adverse impact upon should not be mortgaged to rich and resourceful. The obligation to employ environment friendly technologies should be made non-negotiable and to be made available from North to South. However, the rigour regime to protect intellectual property brings in challenge for developing nations to import and deploy the green technology for development activities. Comity of Nations has accepted the fact of global warming, natural as well as anthropogenic. The United Nations Convention on Framework Convention on Climate Change bears the testimony of the commitment of the international community to combat the “change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.” Proponents of IP present a facilitative IP regime as a condition precedent to innovate and develop new clean energy technologies. Whereas opponents of IP finds, the exclusion rights to patent holders as a bottleneck to access the technology. Climate change poses significant threat to the rights to life, adequate food, water, health, adequate housing, and self-determination, while also highlighting the particular impacts on highly vulnerable groups such as women, children, and indigenous peoples (OHCHR, 2009). The issue of access to the technology to contain greenhouse emissions should be seen through the prism of human rights in order to obligate state to address climate change crisis.

Keywords

International Council on Human Rights Policy Report, Climate Change, Human Rights, World Health Organization, Convention on the Rights of the Child, Green House Gases, The Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.

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Parashar Mishra ¹, Ahsan Absar ², Archisman Dutta ¹, Vishal V. Sakhare ³, Uday Shankar ², A. P. Thapliyal ⁴, Pankaj Saini ⁵, P. K. Singh ⁴, Joyesh Bagchi ⁴

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Northern Region, Lucknow 226 024, India; Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India., IN
2 ONGC Energy Centre, SCOPE Minar, Lakshmi Nagar, Delhi 110 092, India., IN
3 Geological Survey of India, Central Region, Nagpur 440 006, India., IN
4 Geological Survey of India, Northern Region, Lucknow 226 024, India., IN
5 Geological Survey of India, Gangtok 737 101, India., IN

Abstract

In this study, two thermal springs are reported from the Demchok area in Ladakh, India. These are characterized by water having low total dissolved solids (TDS) content (~250 mg/l) as well as high pH (9.5) and surface temperature (75°C). Although these hot springs and their medicinal properties are known to locals, they have not been scientifically studied. Relatively low TDS despite high temperature could be due to sluggish ion-exchange processes in the geothermal reservoir. Such a situation might have developed because of the high water-to-rock ratio and/or smaller residence time of the geothermal fluid in the reaction zone.

Keywords

Geothermal Zone, Hot Springs, Ion-Exchange Process, Medicinal Properties, Water–Rock Ratio.

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